Geotechnical investigation is the process of performing several methods and tests for obtaining information about the physical properties of the rocks and soil. The tests are being done in particular sites for designing foundations and earthworks for the proposed structures and also for the distress repair structures and earthworks that are being caused by some specific conditions. Persons who will conduct these investigations are the geotechnical engineers or the engineering geologists.
The subsurface information that they need to get must be both accurate and complete because this information is important for projects in civil engineering. The most common cause of failure for structures is due to a misleading and an inadequate data of subsurface. One method that is used for subsurface investigation is auguring. This involves putting down some holes in to a soft sediment. Penetrating greater depths are made through making bore holes.
Percussion drilling. With this method, a bit is going to be suspended from the cables or rods and is also jumped up and jumped down for breaking the rocks. Keeping the bit cooled and making slurry is done by adding water into hole. Debris are removed by the use of bailer. Recovering chips for identification is made by mixing pounded rocks into water from a slurry. The rates and costs of a drilling process are varied on the hardness.
Rotary drilling. The first method involves the rotation of bits and are attached to the rods and where in the pumping of fluid mud occurs. The mud will then be returned into the surface by annular space in between rods and holes. The rods are added successively in the assembly while lowering the holes.
Core drilling. Tabular bits with lower cutting edges are being used here. These are rotated in holes. Bits are composed of many different forms, some have diamonds while some are hard abrasives to penetrate the hard rocks. Diamond drills are the most commonly used types in sampling and in an exploratory bore.
Core barrels. Structural drilling aims on recovering an undisturbed core in which the structural feature measurements are being made. The process may be achieved through the use of either multiple tube core or large diameter barrels. Geophysical methods. This will help in locating, mapping, and characterizing the subsurface features through making some measurements in the surface for responding to electrical, chemical, and physical properties.
Seismic methods. Seismic measurements would involve the seismic waves measurement that are traveling through subsurfaces. Some properties such as structure, material, and stratigraphy may sometimes be assessed with this method. Electrical resistivity. The measurements of electrical resistivity can be made through the placement of 4 electrodes which are in contact with the rock and soil.
Magnetic. This method is using two primary applications including the location and mapping for buried ferrous materials and also mapping structures in geology. Micro gravity. A survey in micro gravity can provide some change measures on subsurface density. Natural variations in a density include faults, large fractures, dissolution, buried channels, and lateral changes.
Ground penetrating radar. GPR utilizes the electromagnetic waves having high frequencies to acquire the subsurface information. An energy is radiated downwards into the ground from the transmitter and after, being reflected back to a receiving antenna. Signals which are reflected will be recorded and will produce some conditions of shallow subsurfaces.
The subsurface information that they need to get must be both accurate and complete because this information is important for projects in civil engineering. The most common cause of failure for structures is due to a misleading and an inadequate data of subsurface. One method that is used for subsurface investigation is auguring. This involves putting down some holes in to a soft sediment. Penetrating greater depths are made through making bore holes.
Percussion drilling. With this method, a bit is going to be suspended from the cables or rods and is also jumped up and jumped down for breaking the rocks. Keeping the bit cooled and making slurry is done by adding water into hole. Debris are removed by the use of bailer. Recovering chips for identification is made by mixing pounded rocks into water from a slurry. The rates and costs of a drilling process are varied on the hardness.
Rotary drilling. The first method involves the rotation of bits and are attached to the rods and where in the pumping of fluid mud occurs. The mud will then be returned into the surface by annular space in between rods and holes. The rods are added successively in the assembly while lowering the holes.
Core drilling. Tabular bits with lower cutting edges are being used here. These are rotated in holes. Bits are composed of many different forms, some have diamonds while some are hard abrasives to penetrate the hard rocks. Diamond drills are the most commonly used types in sampling and in an exploratory bore.
Core barrels. Structural drilling aims on recovering an undisturbed core in which the structural feature measurements are being made. The process may be achieved through the use of either multiple tube core or large diameter barrels. Geophysical methods. This will help in locating, mapping, and characterizing the subsurface features through making some measurements in the surface for responding to electrical, chemical, and physical properties.
Seismic methods. Seismic measurements would involve the seismic waves measurement that are traveling through subsurfaces. Some properties such as structure, material, and stratigraphy may sometimes be assessed with this method. Electrical resistivity. The measurements of electrical resistivity can be made through the placement of 4 electrodes which are in contact with the rock and soil.
Magnetic. This method is using two primary applications including the location and mapping for buried ferrous materials and also mapping structures in geology. Micro gravity. A survey in micro gravity can provide some change measures on subsurface density. Natural variations in a density include faults, large fractures, dissolution, buried channels, and lateral changes.
Ground penetrating radar. GPR utilizes the electromagnetic waves having high frequencies to acquire the subsurface information. An energy is radiated downwards into the ground from the transmitter and after, being reflected back to a receiving antenna. Signals which are reflected will be recorded and will produce some conditions of shallow subsurfaces.
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